Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity

References
1 Mokdad AH, Serdula MK, Dietz WH, Bowman BA, Marks JS, Koplan JP: The spread of the
obesity epidemic in the United States, 1991–1998. JAMA 1999;282:1519–1522.
2 Chinn S, Rona RJ: Prevalence and trends in overweight and obesity in three cross sectional studies
of British Children, 1974–94. BMJ 2001;322:24–26.
3 Kalies H, Lenz J, von Kries R: Prevalence of overweight and obesity and trends in body mass
index in German pre-school children, 1982–1997. Int J Obes 2002;26:1211–1217.
4 Freedman DS, Srinivasan SR, Valdez RA, Williamson DF, Berenson GS: Secular increases in relative
weight and adiposity among children over two decades: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics
1997;99:420–426.
5 Troiano RP, Flegal KM, Kuczmarski RJ, Campbell SM, Johnson CL: Overweight prevalence and
trends for children and adolescents: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys,
1963 to 1991. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1995;149:1085–1091.
6 Roville-Sausse F: Increase during the last 20 years of body mass of children 0 to 4 years of age
born to Maghrebian immigrants. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 1999;47:37–44.
7 Strauss RS, Pollack HA: Epidemic increase in childhood overweight, 1986–1998. JAMA 2001;
286:2845–2848.
8 de Onis M, Blossner M: Prevalence and trends of overweight among preschool children in developing
countries. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:1032–1039.
9 McLellan F: Obesity rising to alarming levels around the world. Lancet 2002;359:1412.
10Ebbeling CB, Pawlak DB, Ludwig DS: Childhood obesity: Public-health crisis, common sense
cure. Lancet 2002;360:473–482.
11 Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH: Establishing a standard definition for child overweight
and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ 2000;320:1240–1243.
12 Zwiauer K, Wabitsch M: Relativer Body Mass index (BMI) zur Beurteilung von Übergewicht und
Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Empfehlung der European Childhood Obesity Group.
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1997;145:1312–1318.
13 Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Wabitsch M, Kunze D, Geller F, Geiß HC, Hesse V, et al: Perzentile für
den Body-mass-Index für das Kinder- und Jugendalter unter Heranziehung verschiedener
deutscher Stichproben. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2001;149:807–818.
14 Poskitt EM: Defining childhood obesity: The relative body mass index (BMI). European
Childhood Obesity group. Acta Paediatr 1995;84:961–963.
15 Rolland-Cachera MF, Cole TJ, Sempe M, Tichet J, Rossignol C, Charraud A: Body Mass Index
variations: Centiles from birth to 87 years. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:13–21.
16 Barlow SE, Dietz WH: Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert Committee recommendations:
The Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration and the
Department of Health and Human Services. Pediatrics 1998;102:E29.
17 Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, et al: 2000 CDC
Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and development. Vital Health Stat 2002;11:1–190.
18 Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Johnson CL: Prevalence and trends in overweight among US
children and adolescents, 1999–2000. JAMA 2002;288:1728–1732.
19 Wang Y, Monteiro C, Popkin BM: Trends of obesity and underweight in older children and adolescents
in the United States, Brazil, China, and Russia. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:971–977.
20WHO: Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry: Report of a WHO Expert
Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1995;854:1–452.
21 Stettler N, Bovet P, Shamlaye H, Zemel BS, Stallings VA, Paccaud F: Prevalence and risk factors
for overweight and obesity in children from Seychelles, a country in rapid transition: The importance
of early growth. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26:214–219.
22 Gnavi R, Spagnoli TD, Galotto C, Pugliese E, Carta A, Cesari L: Socioeconomic status, overweight
and obesity in prepuberal children: A study in an area of Northern Italy. Eur J Epidemiol
2000;16:797–803.
23 McMurray RG, Harrell JS, Bangdiwala SI, Deng S: Cardiovascular disease risk factors and
obesity of rural and urban elementary school children. J Rural Health 1999;15:365–374.
Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer-Strawn LM: Obesity in Latin American women
and children. J Nutr 1998;128:1464–1473.
25 Martorell R, Kettel Khan L, Hughes ML, Grummer-Strawn LM: Overweight and obesity in
preschool children from developing countries. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000;24:959–967.
26 Sakamoto N, Wansorn S, Tontisirin K, Marui E: A social epidemiologic study of obesity among
preschool children in Thailand. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001;25:389–394.
27 Luo J, Hu F: Time trends of obesity in pre-school children in China from 1989 to 1997. Int J Obes
2002;26:553–558.
28 Sobal J, Stunkard AJ: Socioeconomic status and obesity: A review of the literature. Psychol Bull
1989;105:260–275.
29 Monteiro CA, Mondini L, de Souza AL, Popkin BM: The nutrition transition in Brazil. Eur J Clin
Nutr 1995;49:105–113.
30Monteiro CA, MH DAB, Conde WL, Popkin BM: Shifting obesity trends in Brazil. Eur J Clin
Nutr 2000;54:342–346.
31 Duran-Tauleria E, Rona RJ, Chinn S: Factors associated with weight for height and skinfold thickness
in British children. J Epidemiol Community Health 1995;49:466–473.
32 Chinn S, Hughes JM, Rona RJ: Trends in growth and obesity in ethnic groups in Britain. Arch Dis
Child 1998;78:513–517.
33 Park MK, Menard SW, Schoolfield J: Prevalence of overweight in a triethnic pediatric population
of San Antonio, Texas. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001;25:409–416.
34 Kalies H, von Kries RMW: Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern: Diagnostik, Therapie und
neue BMI-Referenzwerte. Kinderärztl Praxis 2002;1:28–33.
35 Troiano RP, Flegal KM: Overweight children and adolescents: Description, epidemiology, and
demographics. Pediatrics 1998;101:497–504.
36 Moreno LA, Sarria A, Fleta J, Rodriguez G, Bueno M: Trends in body mass index and overweight
prevalence among children and adolescents in the region of Aragon (Spain) from 1985 to 1995.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000;24:925–991.
37 Thomsen BL, Ekstrom CT, Sorensen TI: Development of the obesity epidemic in Denmark: Cohort,
time and age effects among boys born 1930–1975. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23:693–701.
38 Sinaiko AR, Donahue RP, Jacobs DR Jr, Prineas RJ: Relation of weight and rate of increase in
weight during childhood and adolescence to body size, blood pressure, fasting insulin, and lipids in
young adults: The Minneapolis Children’s Blood Pressure Study. Circulation 1999;99:1471–1476.
39 Trudeau F, Shephard RJ, Bouchard S, Laurencelle L: BMI in the Trois-Rivieres study: Child-adult
and child-parent relationships. Am J Hum Biol 2003;15:187–191.
40Guo SS, Roche AF, Chumlea WGCa,r dner JD, Siervogel RM: The predictive value of childhood
body mass index values for overweight at age 35 y. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:810–819.
41 Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Seidel KD, Dietz WH: Predicting obesity in young adulthood
from childhood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med 1997;337:869–873.
42 Must A, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Bajema CJ, Dietz WH: Long-term morbidity and mortality of
overweight adolescents: A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. N Engl J Med
1992;327:1350–1355.
43 Nieto FJ, Szklo M, Comstock GW: Childhood weight and growth rate as predictors of adult mortality.
Am J Epidemiol 1992;136:201–213.
44 Decsi T, Molnar D: Insulin resistance syndrome in children: Pathophysiology and potential management
strategies. Paediatr Drugs 2003;5:291–299.
45 Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Karamouzis M, Nousia-Arvanitakis S: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia
in prepubertal obese children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2003;16:555–560.
46 Fagot-Campagna A, Pettitt DJ, Engelgau MM, Burrows NR, Geiss LS, Valdez R, et al: Type 2 diabetes
among North American children and adolescents: An epidemiologic review and a public
health perspective. J Pediatr 2000;136:664–672.
47 Wattigney WA, Webber LS, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS: The emergence of clinically abnormal
levels of cardiovascular disease risk factor variables among young adults: The Bogalusa Heart
Study. Prev Med 1995;24:617–626.
48 Ford ES, Galuska DA, Gillespie C, Will JC, Giles WH, Dietz WH: C-reactive protein and body
mass index in children: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey, 1988–1994. J Pediatr 2001;138:486–492.